What is research?
Research means a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge. Activities which meet this definition constitute research for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some demonstration and service programs may include research activities. Activities which meet this definition constitute research for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some demonstration and services programs may include research activities.” 45 CFR 46.102(d).
The primary outcome/goal of the activity/study is to gain knowledge for the purpose of benefiting individuals other than those in the study (adapted from the Pennsylvania State University).